QUADRATIC EQUATION

There are different steps on how to solve problems; quadratic equation, simple equation, round off, significant figures, decimal places etc

solving quadratic equation using
1. Using Factorization Method
2. Using Formula Method
3. Using Completing the Square Method



STEPS ON HOW TO SOLVE QUADRATIC EQUATION BY FACTORIZATION METHOD

Example: x2 + 5x – 6 = 0

Step 1: Firstly note the coefficient of x2
            Coefficient = 1

Step 2: Find the product (the multiplication of the coefficient of x2 and the constant)
            Product = 1 x - 6

Step 3: Note the sum
            Sum = +5

Step 4: Then find the factors (two numbers multiplied together to give the product; -6 and when
            Summed gives the Sum; +5)
            Factors = 6 and -1

Step 5: Write the equation, replacing the sum with the factors
            x2 + 6x – x – 6

Step 6: Group them into two
            ( x2 + 6x) – (x – 6)

Step 7: Find the common factors of each expression in the bracket
            Common factors = x and -1 respectively.

Step 8: Put the common factors outside the bracket of their respective expression
            x (x + 6) – 1 (x + 6)
            Note: (Be careful of the signs here and also note this whenever you find out that the two numbers inside the bracket are not the same then you are not correct and you need to start all over again)

Step 9: Pick one of the expressions in the bracket (since both of them in the bracket are the
            same) and the ones outside the bracket.
Note: Be careful of the signs at this stage
(x + 6) (x – 1)

Step 10: Equate the expressions to zero
            (x + 6) (x – 1) = 0

Step 11: Then equate each of the expression to zero
            x+ 6 = 0 or x – 1 = 0

Step 12: Take the constant to the other side across the equal sign (=)
            Note: Performing this task the sign changes
            x = -6 or x = 1

Step 13: Make x the subject of the formulae (by dividing both sides with the coefficient of x at
            that moment)
            x   =  6   or x  = 1
                     1              1

Step 14: Express the root as x, x1
            -6, 1 (ANSWER)





STEPS ON HOW TO SOLVE QUADRATIC EQUATION BY FORMULA METHOD

Example: 2x2 + 3x – 5 = 0

Step 1: Write down the formula

            -b+-√b2 – 4ac
                     2a

Step 2: Write down the values of the alphabet indicated in the formula from the equation. i.e.
            (a = coefficient of x2, b = coefficient of x and c = constant)
            a = 2, b = 3 and c = -5

Step 3: Replace the alphabet with the values respectively
            Note: Be careful of the signs as they change

            -3+-√32 – 4 x 2 x -5
                     2 x 2

Step 4: Evaluate it (Be careful of signs)
            -3+-√9 + 40
                     4

            -3+-√49
                  4

            -3+-7
               4


Step 5: Split the evaluated value into two, (one carries the positive sign, while the other carries the negative sign)
-3 + 7   or  -3 - 7
                 4               4

Step 6: Evaluate each of the expression (Be careful of the signs)
            4    or  -10
            4           4

Step 7: Divide to the minimum
            1 or -5

Step 8: Write the roots as x, x1
            1, -5   (ANSWER
                 2 



STEPS ON HOW TO SOLVE QUADRATIC EQUATION BY COMPLETING THE SQUARE METHOD

Example: 2x2 + 5x +3 = 0

Step 1: Divide through by the coefficient of x2 i.e. (2)
2x2 + 5x+ 3 = 0
2        2    2     2

Step 2: Evaluate it
            x2 + 5x + 3 = 0
                   2      2

Step 3: Take the constant across the equal (=) sign
            Note: The sign changes
            x2 + 5x =  -3
                    2       2

Step 4: From the left side (Multiply it by half, take off the square from the x2 and put it outside
            the bracket and subtract the square from it)
            (x + 5) 2 x  1    5  2  =  -3
                    2        2      4          2
                   


Step 5: Evaluate it
             (x + 5 ) 2    25  =  -3
                   4          16       2


Step 6: Try making x the subject by taking all constants to the other side
             (x + 5) 2  =  -3  + 25
                   4            2     16


Step 7: Evaluate the right side (the denominator is 16)
            (x + 5) 2   = -24 + 25
                   4               16

            (x + 5 ) 2  = 1
                   4          16

Step 8: Take the square of both sides

  √x + 5 2     =  1
                      4             16


            x + 5 =   +-1
                  4        4


Step 9: Make x the subject of the formula
            x =  - 5 +-1
                     4     4

Step 10: Evaluate it
            x = -5 +-1
                      4 

Step 11: Split the evaluated value into two, (one carries the positive sign, while the other carries
            the negative sign)
            x = -5 + 1    or  x = -5- 1
                      4                       4

Step 12: Evaluate it
            x = -4    or  x = -6
                   4                4
         x = - 1  or  x = - 3

Step 13: Write the roots as x, x1
            1,  -3   (ANSWER)



STEPS IN SOLVING DECIMAL PLACES (ROUNDING OFF)

Example: 34. 8259

Before you start, you must take this to consideration; that the figures before the full stop (.) must be kept constant and not to be altered and only when the figure to be rounded up is up to 5 but less than 10 before you can approximate it. We can either round off to 1 d.p, 2 d.p, 3 d.p, 4 d.p etc depending the question being asked.

I will like us to round off the above example to 1 d.p, 2 d.p and 3 d.ps

To 1 decimal place

Step 1: Number the figures after the fall stop (.) starting from 1 till the end of the figures. (Invisible numbering)

34. 8 2 5 9
      1 2 3 4

Step 2: note where 1 is which is at 8. Then you approximate the figure immediately after to become 1 and add it to the figure preceding it. (since the figure immediately after it is not up to 5 or less than 10, I will round it up to become zero and then add it to the one preceding it)

34. 8 (Ans)

To 2 decimal place

Step 1: following step 1 of (a) then round off the figure immediately after it to become 1 and then add it to the one preceding it.

34. 8 3 (Ans)

To 3 decimal place


Step 1: following step 1 of (a) then round off the figure immediately after it to become 1 and then add it to the one preceding it.

34. 8 2 6 (Ans)



STEPS IN SOLVING SIMPLE EQUATIONS

Example: 3x – 3 = 5x + 9

Step 1: find the figures with common features

            3x and 5x has common features, which is x
            -3 and +9 has common features, which is constant

Step 2: collect like terms (the figures with common features should be separated from the other)

Note: Once a number crosses the (=) equal sign, the sign of that number changes. (+ becomes – while – becomes +)

            3x – 5x = 9 + 3

Step 3: Evaluate the expression

            -2x = 12

Step 4: make x the subject of the formulae by dividing through by the coefficient of x, which is -2

            -2x = 12
            -2      -2

X= -6







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